Although fewer U.S. children today have elevated blood lead levels than in past decades, lead poisoning continues to be a significant health threat in many communities. Urban children living in poverty are more likely to be exposed to lead,

but rural children and those from middle- and upper-income families can also be at risk. Research studies have documented the toxic effects of lead exposure on the developing brain and nervous system of young children, resulting in lowered intelligence and perhaps other neurologic and behavioral problems as well.

The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommends universal screening only for children who live in high-risk communities. Other children need to be screened only if they have other risk factors. Some states, schools, and child-care programs may require blood lead screening of all children, no matter their risk factors.

Recommendations for Screening of Blood Lead Levels

Ablood lead test is recommended at 9 to 12 months (and possibly again at 24 months) if your child lives in a high-risk community (as determined by local health authorities). Your child is also considered at high risk if the answer to one or more of the following questions is yes: